Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Ananth S[original query] |
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Coverage with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and updated COVID-19 vaccines among nursing home residents - National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, December 2023
Reses HE , Dubendris H , Haas L , Barbre K , Ananth S , Rowe T , Mothershed E , Hall E , Wiegand RE , Lindley MC , Meyer S , Patel SA , Benin A , Kroop S , Srinivasan A , Bell JM . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023 72 (51) 1371-1376 Nursing home residents are at risk for becoming infected with and experiencing severe complications from respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Fall 2023 is the first season during which vaccines are simultaneously available to protect older adults in the United States against all three of these respiratory viruses. Nursing homes are required to report COVID-19 vaccination coverage and can voluntarily report influenza and RSV vaccination coverage among residents to CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network. The purpose of this study was to assess COVID-19, influenza, and RSV vaccination coverage among nursing home residents during the current 2023-24 respiratory virus season. As of December 10, 2023, 33.1% of nursing home residents were up to date with vaccination against COVID-19. Among residents at 20.2% and 19.4% of facilities that elected to report, coverage with influenza and RSV vaccines was 72.0% and 9.8%, respectively. Vaccination varied by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services region, social vulnerability index level, and facility size. There is an urgent need to protect nursing home residents against severe outcomes of respiratory illnesses by continuing efforts to increase vaccination against COVID-19 and influenza and discussing vaccination against RSV with eligible residents during the ongoing 2023-24 respiratory virus season. |
Good practices for the design, analysis, and interpretation of observational studies on birth spacing and perinatal health outcomes
Hutcheon JA , Moskosky S , Ananth CV , Basso O , Briss PA , Ferre CD , Frederiksen BN , Harper S , Hernandez-Diaz S , Hirai AH , Kirby RS , Klebanoff MA , Lindberg L , Mumford SL , Nelson HD , Platt RW , Rossen LM , Stuebe AM , Thoma ME , Vladutiu CJ , Ahrens KA . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018 33 (1) O15-O24 BACKGROUND: Meta-analyses of observational studies have shown that women with a shorter interpregnancy interval (the time from delivery to start of a subsequent pregnancy) are more likely to experience adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm delivery or small for gestational age birth, than women who space their births further apart. However, the studies used to inform these estimates have methodological shortcomings. METHODS: In this commentary, we summarise the discussions of an expert workgroup describing good practices for the design, analysis, and interpretation of observational studies of interpregnancy interval and adverse perinatal health outcomes. RESULTS: We argue that inferences drawn from research in this field will be improved by careful attention to elements such as: (a) refining the research question to clarify whether the goal is to estimate a causal effect vs describe patterns of association; (b) using directed acyclic graphs to represent potential causal networks and guide the analytic plan of studies seeking to estimate causal effects; (c) assessing how miscarriages and pregnancy terminations may have influenced interpregnancy interval classifications; (d) specifying how key factors such as previous pregnancy loss, pregnancy intention, and maternal socio-economic position will be considered; and (e) examining if the association between interpregnancy interval and perinatal outcome differs by factors such as maternal age. CONCLUSION: This commentary outlines the discussions of this recent expert workgroup, and describes several suggested principles for study design and analysis that could mitigate many potential sources of bias. |
Report of the Office of Population Affairs' expert work group meeting on short birth spacing and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Methodological quality of existing studies and future directions for research
Ahrens KA , Hutcheon JA , Ananth CV , Basso O , Briss PA , Ferre CD , Frederiksen BN , Harper S , Hernandez-Diaz S , Hirai AH , Kirby RS , Klebanoff MA , Lindberg L , Mumford SL , Nelson HD , Platt RW , Rossen LM , Stuebe AM , Thoma ME , Vladutiu CJ , Moskosky S . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018 33 (1) O5-O14 BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women wait at least 24 months after a livebirth before attempting a subsequent pregnancy to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, and infant health outcomes. However, the applicability of the WHO recommendations for women in the United States is unclear, as breast feeding, nutrition, maternal age at first birth, and total fertility rate differs substantially between the United States and the low- and middle-resource countries upon which most of the evidence is based. METHODS: To inform guideline development for birth spacing specific to women in the United States, the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) convened an expert work group meeting in Washington, DC, on 14-15 September 2017 among reproductive, perinatal, paediatric, social, and public health epidemiologists; obstetrician-gynaecologists; biostatisticians; and experts in evidence synthesis related to women's health. RESULTS: Presentations and discussion topics included the methodological quality of existing studies, evaluation of the evidence for causal effects of short interpregnancy intervals on adverse perinatal and maternal health outcomes, good practices for future research, and identification of research gaps and priorities for future work. CONCLUSIONS: This report provides an overview of the presentations, discussions, and conclusions from the expert work group meeting. |
Current vision and future directions
Schoendorf KC . Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2013 27 (3) 228 I am excited and honoured to join Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology's Editorial Board. I will serve as an associate editor focusing on paediatric and child-related research, a counterpoint to Dr. Jennifer Zeitlin's concentration on reproductive and perinatal topics. As introduction to the Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (PPE) readership, our editor-in-chief, Dr. Cande Ananth, requested that I provide a ‘vision statement’ elucidating my thoughts about the journal and its direction. | Unfortunately, I do not see things as clearly and precisely as I once did. At this stage of life, my vision depends upon various combinations of corrective eyewear, with significant interaction by object size, distance and lighting. Depending on the combination of those variables, I can identify small details but miss the full picture, or can recognise the outlines of large objects without perceiving the particulars. (I'm also exceptionally bad at identifying items in the refrigerator, but that seems a common Y-chromosome trait). However, this inconsistent perception is not a liability. Differing perspectives enhance appreciation of Monet's water lilies and Picasso's Ladies of Avignon; they also generally enrich insight and understanding of the full picture regardless of medium. |
Pesticide concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord sera and their relation to birth outcomes in a population of pregnant women and newborns in New Jersey
Barr DB , Ananth CV , Yan X , Lashley S , Smulian JC , Ledoux TA , Hore P , Robson MG . Sci Total Environ 2009 408 (4) 790-5 We evaluated in utero exposures to pesticides by measuring maternal and cord serum biomarkers in a New Jersey cohort of pregnant women and the birth outcomes of their neonates. The study was based on 150 women that underwent an elective cesarean delivery at term in a hospital in central New Jersey. We evaluated the following pesticide compounds in both maternal and umbilical cord sera: chlorpyrifos, diazinon, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, dacthal, metolachlor, trifluralin and diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). Of these compounds, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, trifluralin, metolachlor and DEET were the pesticides most frequently detected in the serum samples. We found high (≥75th percentile) metolachlor concentrations in cord blood that were related to birth weight (3605g in upper quartile vs 3399g; p=0.05). We also observed an increase in abdominal circumference with increasing cord dichloran concentrations (p=0.031). These observations suggest that in utero exposures to certain pesticides may alter birth outcomes. |
Perinatal exposure to perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate in New Jersey mothers and newborns
Blount BC , Rich DQ , Valentin-Blasini L , Lashley S , Ananth CV , Murphy E , Smulian JC , Spain BJ , Barr DB , Ledoux T , Hore P , Robson M . Environ Sci Technol 2009 43 (19) 7543-9 Perchlorate is a commonly occurring environmental toxicant that may be transported across the placental barrier by the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), possibly resulting in both increased perchlorate exposure and decreased iodide uptake by the fetus. Therefore, we measured levels of three physiologically relevant NIS-inhibitors (perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate) and iodide in maternal and fetal fluids collected during cesarean-section surgeries on 150 U.S. women. Geometric means of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate levels in maternal urine (2.90, 947, and 47900 microg/L, respectively) were similar to previously published results, while urinary iodide levels (1420 microg/L) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001), likely because of prevalent prenatal vitamin use in the study population (74%). Thiocyanate levels were higher in the maternal serum, cord serum, and amniotic fluid of smokers compared to women with environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nonsmokers (p-values of 0.0006, 0.0011, and 0.0026, respectively). Perchlorate was detected in most samples: urine (100%), maternal serum (94%), cord serum (67%), and amniotic fluid (97%). Maternal urinary perchlorate levels were positively correlated with perchlorate levels in amniotic fluid (r = 0.57), indicating that maternal urine perchlorate is an effective biomarker of fetal perchlorate exposure. Maternal serum perchlorate was generally higher than cord serum perchlorate (median ratio 2.4:1 for paired samples), and maternal urine perchlorate was always higher than fetal amniotic fluid perchlorate levels (mean ratio 22:1); conversely, iodide levels were typically higher in fetal fluids compared to maternal fluids. We found no evidence of either disproportionate perchlorate accumulation or lack of iodide in the fetal compartment. In this panel of healthy infants, we found no association between cord blood levels of these anions and newborn weight length, and head circumference. |
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